Investigation into clinicopathological and pathological findings, prognosis, and aetiology of lorikeet paralysis syndrome in rainbow lorikeets (Trichoglossus haematodus)

Aust Vet J. 2021 Oct;99(10):432-444. doi: 10.1111/avj.13107. Epub 2021 Jul 13.

Abstract

Objective: To report the temporal and spatial distribution of rainbow lorikeets presenting with lorikeet paralysis syndrome (LPS) and their clinicopathologic and pathologic findings, exposure to toxins, and response to treatment.

Methods: Records of lorikeets admitted in 2017 and 2018 to facilities in south-east Queensland (QLD) were reviewed and LPS and non-LPS cases were mapped and their distribution compared. Plasma biochemistries and complete blood counts were done on 20 representative lorikeets from south-east QLD and Grafton, New South Wales (NSW). Tissues from 28 lorikeets were examined histologically. Samples were tested for pesticides (n = 19), toxic elements (n = 23), botulism (n = 15) and alcohol (n = 5).

Results: LPS occurred in warmer months. Affected lorikeets were found across south-east QLD. Hotspots were identified in Brisbane and the Sunshine Coast. Lorikeets had a heterophilic leucocytosis, elevated muscle enzymes, uric acid and sodium and chloride. Specific lesions were not found. Exposure to cadmium was common in LPS and non-LPS lorikeets. Treated lorikeets had a 60-93% See Table 2 depending on severity of signs.

Clinical significance: The primary differential diagnosis for lorikeets presenting with lower motor neuron signs during spring, summer and autumn in northern NSW and south-east Queensland should be LPS. With supportive care, prognosis is fair to good.

Keywords: aetiology; clinical pathology; paralysis; prognosis; rainbow lorikeet; temporal distribution.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • New South Wales
  • Paralysis / veterinary
  • Parrots*
  • Prognosis
  • Queensland