Comparing non-breeding distribution and behavior of red-legged kittiwakes from two geographically distant colonies

PLoS One. 2021 Jul 16;16(7):e0254686. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254686. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Knowledge of non-breeding distributions is a crucial component to seabird conservation, as conditions during the non-breeding period can play an important role in regulating seabird populations. Specifically, if seabirds from different colonies share the same wintering grounds, conditions in that shared region could have a widespread impact on multiple breeding populations. Red-legged kittiwakes (Rissa brevirostris) are endemic to the Bering Sea and may be especially susceptible to effects of climate change due to a restricted breeding range, small population size, and specialized diet. To examine whether red-legged kittiwakes from different breeding colonies overlapped in winter distribution and activity patterns, we used geolocation loggers to simultaneously track individuals from the two largest red-legged kittiwake breeding colonies in Alaska (separated by over 1000 km) during two consecutive non-breeding periods. We found that non-breeding activity patterns were generally similar between birds originating from the two colonies, but birds employed different migratory strategies during the early winter. Kittiwakes from Buldir Island in the western Aleutian Islands left the colony in September and immediately headed west, spending October through December around the Sea of Okhotsk and the Kuril Islands. In contrast, birds from St. George Island in the Pribilof Islands remained in the eastern Bering Sea or around the eastern Aleutian Islands for a couple months before traveling farther west. During late winter however, from January through March, birds from both colonies converged south of Kamchatka and east of the Kuril Islands over the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench and in the Western Subarctic Gyre before returning to their respective colonies in the spring. This late winter overlap in distributions along the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench suggests the region is a winter hotspot for red-legged kittiwakes and highlights the importance of this region for the global kittiwake population.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Alaska
  • Animal Migration*
  • Animals
  • Charadriiformes / physiology*
  • Conservation of Natural Resources / statistics & numerical data*
  • Ecological Parameter Monitoring / statistics & numerical data*
  • Geography
  • Seasons

Associated data

  • Dryad/10.5061/dryad.xksn02vgb

Grants and funding

The North Pacific Research Board (www.nprb.org) provided funding for RAO and AMF (grant #1409 to RAO). The United States Fish and Wildlife Service provided funding for BAD, AMC, HMR, MDR, and NAR. Conservation Metrics, Inc. employs AMF but did not provide any salary or other financial support for this project. The funders played no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.