Role of CT colonography in differentiating sigmoid cancer from chronic diverticular disease

Jpn J Radiol. 2022 Jan;40(1):48-55. doi: 10.1007/s11604-021-01176-8. Epub 2021 Jul 23.

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of computed tomography colonography (CTC) in differentiating chronic diverticular disease from colorectal cancer (CRC), using morphological and textural parameters.

Materials and methods: We included 95 consecutive patients with histologically proven chronic diverticular disease (n = 53) or CRC (n = 42) who underwent CTC. One radiologist, unaware of histological findings, evaluated CTC studies for the presence of potential discriminators including: maximum thickness, involved segment length, shouldering phenomenon, growth pattern, diverticula, fascia thickening, fat tissue edema, loco-regional lymph nodes, mucosal pattern. Another radiologist performed volumetric texture analysis on the involved segment.

Results: Several qualitative imaging parameters resulted to significantly correlated with colorectal cancer, including absence of diverticula in the affected segment, straightened growth pattern and shouldering phenomenon. A maximum wall thickness/involved segment length ratio < 0.1 had 98% specificity and 47% sensitivity in identifying diverticular disease. Regarding first-order texture analysis parameters, kurtosis resulted to be significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions: Absence of diverticula, straightened growth pattern and shouldering phenomenon are significantly associated with CRC (71-91% sensitivity; 82-91%).

Keywords: Abdomen; Colonoscopy; Colorectal cancer; Computed tomography colonography; Diverticular disease; Texture analysis.

MeSH terms

  • Colonography, Computed Tomographic*
  • Colonoscopy
  • Colorectal Neoplasms* / diagnostic imaging
  • Diverticulum*
  • Humans
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Sigmoid Neoplasms*