Comparing medication persistence among patients with type 2 diabetes using sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in real-world setting

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021 Oct:180:109035. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109035. Epub 2021 Sep 4.

Abstract

Aim: To assess and compare the persistence with drug therapy between patients treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I) therapy.

Methods: The 126,493 residents of the Lombardy Region (Italy) aged ≥ 40 years newly treated with metformin during 2007-2015 were followed until 2017 to identify those who started therapy with GLP1-RA or SGLT2-I. To make GLP1-RA and SGLT2-I users more comparable, a 1:1 matched cohort design was adopted. Matching variables were sex, age, and adherence to the first-line therapy with metformin. Log-binomial regression models were fitted to estimate the propensity to 1-year treatment persistence in relation to the therapeutic strategy.

Results: The final matched cohort was composed by 1,276 GLP1-RA─SGLT2-I pairs. About 24% and 29% of cohort members respectively on GLP1-RA and SGLT2-I discontinued the drug treatment. Compared with patients starting SGLT2-I, those on GLP1-RA had 15% (95% confidence interval, 3-25%) lower risk of discontinuation of the treatments of interest and 45% (28-57%) lower risk of discontinuing any antidiabetic drug therapy. Persistence was better among GLP1-RA users who received a once-weekly administration.

Conclusions: In a real-life setting, patients who were prescribed a GLP1-RA exhibited more frequently better persistence to treatment than those prescribed a SGLT2-I therapy.

Keywords: Antidiabetic drugs; Cohort study; Healthcare utilization databases; Persistence; Pharmacoepidemiology; Type 2 diabetes.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / drug therapy
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor
  • Glucose
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Medication Adherence
  • Pharmaceutical Preparations*
  • Sodium
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors* / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Pharmaceutical Preparations
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
  • Sodium
  • Glucose