Quantitative 3D analysis of tissue damage in a rat model of microembolization

Theodosia Georgakopoulou; Anne-Eva van der Wijk; Erik N T P Bakker; Ed vanBavel; INSIST investigators

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110723

Quantitative 3D analysis of tissue damage in a rat model of microembolization

J Biomech. 2021 Nov 9:128:110723. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110723. Epub 2021 Sep 2.

Authors

Theodosia Georgakopoulou¹, Anne-Eva van der Wijk¹, Erik N T P Bakker¹, Ed vanBavel²; INSIST investigators

Collaborators

INSIST investigators:
Charles Majoie³, Henk Marquering⁴, Ed van Bavel⁵, Alfons Hoekstra⁶, Diederik Dippel⁷, Hester Lingsma⁸, Aad van der Lugt⁹, Noor Samuels¹⁰, Nikki Boodt¹⁰, Yvo Roos⁷, Simon F De Meyer¹¹, Senna Staessens¹¹, Sarah Vandelanotte¹¹, Praneeta Konduri¹², Nerea Arrarte Terreros¹², Bastien Chopard¹³, Franck Raynaud¹³, Remy Petkantchin¹³, Mikhail Panteleev¹⁴, Alexey Shibeko¹⁴, Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia¹⁵, Vanessa Blanc-Guillemaud¹⁶, Francesco Migliavacca¹⁷, Gabriele Dubini¹⁷, Giulia Luraghi¹⁷, Jose Felix Rodriguez Matas¹⁷, Sara Bridio¹⁷, Patrick Mc Garry¹⁸, Michael Gilvarry¹⁹, Ray McCarthy¹⁹, Kevin Moerman¹⁸, Behrooz Fereidoonnezhad¹⁸, Anushree Dwivedi¹⁹, Sharon Duffy¹⁹, Stephen Payne²⁰, Tamas Jozsa²⁰, Sissy Georgakopoulou⁵, Raymond Padmos⁶, Victor Azizi⁶, Claire Miller⁶, Max van der Kolk⁶

Affiliations

¹ Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
² Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: e.vanbavel@amsterdamumc.nl.
³ Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, PO BOX 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴ Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam.
⁵ Biomedical Engineering, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam.
⁶ Computational Science Lab, Faculty of Science, Institute for Informatics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
⁷ Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
⁸ Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
⁹ Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
¹⁰ Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
¹¹ Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium.
¹² Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, PO BOX 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam.
¹³ Computer Science Department, University of Geneva, CUI, 7 route de Drize, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland.
¹⁴ Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Moscow.
¹⁵ Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB222), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, CHU de Charleroi, Belgium.
¹⁶ Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Coubevoie Cedex, France.
¹⁷ Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
¹⁸ National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, School of Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
¹⁹ Cerenovus, Galway Neuro Technology Centre, Galway, Ireland.
²⁰ Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.

PMID: 34509910
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110723

Abstract

There is a discrepancy between successful recanalization and good clinical outcome after endovascular treatment (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke patients. During removal of a thrombus, a shower of microemboli may release and lodge to the distal circulation. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of damage on brain tissue caused by microemboli. In a rat model of microembolization, a mixture of microsphere (MS) sizes (15, 25 and 50 µm diameter) was injected via the left internal carotid artery. A 3D image of the left hemisphere was reconstructed and a point-pattern spatial analysis was applied based on G- and K-functions to unravel the spatial correlation between MS and the induced hypoxia or infarction. We show a spatial correlation between MS and hypoxia or infarction spreading up to a distance of 1000-1500 µm. These results imply that microemboli, which individually may not always be harmful, can interact and result in local areas of hypoxia or even infarction when lodged in large numbers.

Keywords: Endovascular therapy; Hypoxia; Incomplete microvascular reperfusion; Microembolization; Spatial analysis; Stroke.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
Brain
Brain Ischemia*
Carotid Artery, Internal
Endovascular Procedures*
Humans
Rats
Stroke* / therapy
Treatment Outcome