Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel pyrrolidinone small-molecule Formyl peptide receptor 2 agonists

Eur J Med Chem. 2021 Dec 15:226:113805. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113805. Epub 2021 Sep 2.

Abstract

A series of Formyl peptide receptor 2 small molecule agonists with a pyrrolidinone scaffold, derived from a combination of pharmacophore modelling and docking studies, were designed and synthesized. The GLASS (GPCR-Ligand Association) database was screened using a pharmacophore model. The most promising novel ligand structures were chosen and then tested in cellular assays (calcium mobilization and β-arrestin assays). Amongst the selected ligands, two pyrrolidinone compounds (7 and 8) turned out to be the most active. Moreover compound 7 was able to reduce the number of adherent neutrophils in a human neutrophil static adhesion assay which indicates its anti-inflammatory and proresolving properties. Further exploration and optimization of new ligands showed that heterocyclic rings, e.g. pyrazole directly connected to the pyrrolidinone scaffold, provide good stability and a boost in the agonistic activity. The compounds of most interest (7 and 30) were tested in an ERK phosphorylation assay, demonstrating selectivity towards FPR2 over FPR1. Compound 7 was examined in an in vivo mouse pharmacokinetic study. Compound 7 may be a valuable in vivo tool and help improve understanding of the role of the FPR2 receptor in the resolution of inflammation process.

Keywords: Agonists; FPR2; Neutrophils; Pharmacophore; Resolution of inflammation.

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / chemical synthesis
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / chemistry
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacology*
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Design*
  • Humans
  • Molecular Structure
  • Pyrrolidinones / chemical synthesis
  • Pyrrolidinones / chemistry
  • Pyrrolidinones / pharmacology*
  • Receptors, Formyl Peptide / agonists*
  • Receptors, Lipoxin / agonists*
  • Small Molecule Libraries / chemical synthesis
  • Small Molecule Libraries / chemistry
  • Small Molecule Libraries / pharmacology*
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
  • FPR2 protein, human
  • Pyrrolidinones
  • Receptors, Formyl Peptide
  • Receptors, Lipoxin
  • Small Molecule Libraries