Levodopa-induced dyskinesia: a historical review of Parkinson's disease, dopamine, and modern advancements in research and treatment

J Neurol. 2022 Jun;269(6):2892-2909. doi: 10.1007/s00415-022-10963-w. Epub 2022 Jan 17.

Abstract

Over the past two decades, animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have helped to determine the plausible underlying mechanism of levo-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia following L-DOPA treatment. However, our understanding of the mechanisms related to this phenomenon remains incomplete. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive review of treatment protocols used for assessing the occurrence of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, L-DOPA absorption, distribution, drug/food interaction, and discuss current strategies and future directions. This review offers a historical perspective using L-DOPA in animal models of PD and the occurrence of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia.

Keywords: Diet; Dopamine; L-DOPA; Parkinson’s disease.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antiparkinson Agents / adverse effects
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Dopamine
  • Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced* / etiology
  • Humans
  • Levodopa / adverse effects
  • Parkinson Disease* / drug therapy

Substances

  • Antiparkinson Agents
  • Levodopa
  • Dopamine