Sex and Gender-Related Issues in Heart Failure

Giulio Francesco Romiti; Fabrizio Recchia; Andrea Zito; Giacomo Visioli; Stefania Basili; Valeria Raparelli

doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2021.12.013

Sex and Gender-Related Issues in Heart Failure

Cardiol Clin. 2022 May;40(2):259-268. doi: 10.1016/j.ccl.2021.12.013.

Authors

Giulio Francesco Romiti¹, Fabrizio Recchia¹, Andrea Zito¹, Giacomo Visioli², Stefania Basili¹, Valeria Raparelli³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome 00161, Italy.
² Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome 00161, Italy.
³ Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome 00161, Italy; McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: valeria.raparelli@uniroma1.it.

PMID: 35465899
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2021.12.013

Abstract

Understanding the role of sex- and gender-related factors, when dealing with a global growing epidemic such as heart failure, is a much needed and unmet goal for health care providers and scientists in order to design targeted strategies, aimed at improving both clinical and patient reported outcomes measures in women and men with heart failure. The present review provides an overview of the current available evidence on sex- and gender-related differences in heart failure.

Keywords: Clinical outcomes; Clinical trials; Gender; Pharmacology; Sex; Sex-stratified analysis.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Female
Heart Failure* / epidemiology
Heart Failure* / therapy
Humans
Male
Sex Factors