Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), as an intracellular parasitic bacterium, invades the human body mainly through droplets, which can lead to multiple organ infection, causing the body to produce T cell-dominated immunity to tuberculosis (TB). Regulatory T cells (Tregs), as a class of T lymphocyte subsets that negatively regulate the immune response of the body, play an important role in regulating immune balance in host anti-tuberculosis immunity. A large number of studies have shown that MTB-specific Tregs affects the occurrence and development of tuberculosis and the efficacy of the vaccine. Therefore, elucidating the role and regulatory mechanism underlying anti-MTB immune response of MTB-specific Tregs will help to further understanding of the decrease of host anti-MTB immune cell function, and provide a basis for the study of immunotherapy of TB. This paper briefly introduces the subtypes and functions of Tregs, and systematically reviews the research progress of Tregs in many fields of TB.
结核分枝杆菌（MTB）作为一种胞内寄生菌，主要通过飞沫传播侵入人体，可导致人体多器官感染从而引起机体产生以T细胞为主导的抗结核免疫应答。调节性T细胞（Treg细胞）作为一类负向调节机体免疫反应的T淋巴细胞亚群，在宿主抗结核免疫中发挥着调控免疫平衡的重要作用。大量研究表明MTB特异性Treg细胞影响着结核病的发生、发展以及疫苗的效能。因此，阐明MTB特异性Treg细胞的抗结核免疫应答的作用及调控机制将有助于进一步揭示宿主抗MTB免疫细胞功能降低的机制，可为结核病的免疫治疗研究提供依据。本文简要介绍了Treg细胞的亚型与功能，对其在结核病领域的研究进展进行了综述。.