Mitochondrial DNA is the mitochondria's own genetic material located within the mitochondrial matrix and is involved in cellular metabolism and energy supply. Mitochondrial DNA damage exacerbates oxidative stress by increasing the release of reactive oxygen species, while mitochondrial DNA release also triggers apoptosis and activates immune inflammatory responses through damage-related molecular patterns. Mitochondrial autophagy regulates mitochondrial DNA damage and release through a negative feedback mechanism to maintain intracellular homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that the occurrence and development of chronic liver disease are closely related to mitochondrial DNA-mediated immune inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.
线粒体DNA是位于线粒体基质内线粒体自有的遗传物质，参与细胞代谢和能量供给。线粒体DNA的损伤通过增加活性氧的释放加剧氧化应激，线粒体DNA释放亦可引发细胞凋亡及通过损伤相关分子模式激活免疫炎症反应。线粒体自噬则通过负反馈机制调控线粒体DNA损伤和释放，维持细胞内稳态。近年研究结果显示，慢性肝病的发生、发展与线粒体DNA介导的免疫炎症反应、氧化应激均密切相关。.