2022 Update on Clinical Management of Graves Disease and Thyroid Eye Disease

Thanh D Hoang; Derek J Stocker; Eva L Chou; Henry B Burch

doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2021.12.004

2022 Update on Clinical Management of Graves Disease and Thyroid Eye Disease

Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2022 Jun;51(2):287-304. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2021.12.004. Epub 2022 May 11.

Authors

Thanh D Hoang¹, Derek J Stocker², Eva L Chou³, Henry B Burch⁴

Affiliations

¹ Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20819, USA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
² Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20819, USA; Departments of Internal Medicine, Pathology, and Radiologic Sciences Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
³ Department of Ophthalmology, Oculoplastic Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20819, USA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
⁴ Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Room 6054, Bethesda, MD 20892-5460, USA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. Electronic address: Henry.Burch@nih.gov.

Abstract

The management of hyperthyroidism and extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves disease remains complex. Considerations that include patient preference, age, comorbidity, pregnancy, tobacco smoking, and social determinants of health must all be weaved into a cohesive management plan. A multidisciplinary team is required to manage all aspects of Graves disease, particularly thyroid eye disease, for which new therapeutic options are now available.

Keywords: Antithyroid drugs; Graves disease; Hyperthyroidism; Radioiodine therapy; Thyroid eye disease; Thyroidectomy.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Antithyroid Agents / therapeutic use
Female
Graves Disease* / drug therapy
Graves Disease* / therapy
Graves Ophthalmopathy* / diagnosis
Graves Ophthalmopathy* / epidemiology
Graves Ophthalmopathy* / etiology
Humans
Iodine Radioisotopes / therapeutic use
Pregnancy
Thyroidectomy

Substances

Antithyroid Agents
Iodine Radioisotopes

Grants and funding

Z99 DK999999/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/United States