Association between dietary patterns and body composition in normal-weight subjects with metabolic syndrome

Mohammad Rashidmayvan; Payam Sharifan; Susan Darroudi; Sara Saffar Soflaei; Rahil Salaribaghoonabad; Nilufar Safari; Maryam Yousefi; Mohadese Honari; Hamideh Ghazizadeh; Gordon Ferns; Habibollah Esmaily; Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan

doi:10.1007/s40200-022-01043-x

Association between dietary patterns and body composition in normal-weight subjects with metabolic syndrome

J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2022 May 28;21(1):735-741. doi: 10.1007/s40200-022-01043-x. eCollection 2022 Jun.

Authors

Mohammad Rashidmayvan^#¹, Payam Sharifan^#^{1

2}, Susan Darroudi³, Sara Saffar Soflaei³, Rahil Salaribaghoonabad⁴, Nilufar Safari⁴, Maryam Yousefi⁴, Mohadese Honari^{3

5}, Hamideh Ghazizadeh^{2

3}, Gordon Ferns⁶, Habibollah Esmaily^{7

8}, Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan^{1

3

9}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
² Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
³ International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
⁴ Department of Nutrition Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
⁵ Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
⁶ Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.
⁷ Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
⁸ Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
⁹ Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 99199-91766 Iran.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background and aims: The development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been proposed to be related to dietary pattern and body compostion indexes. Diet is one of the most important lifestyle-related factors which may regulate the inflammatory process. Numerous individual foods and dietary patterns can have a valuable health effect that is associated with their anti-inflammatory properties. Here we aimed to investigate the association between body composition indexes and dietary patterns in individuals with metabolic syndrome who were nnormal for weight.

Methods and materials: Normal weight subjects with MetS were recruited as part of Survey of Ultraviolet Intake by Nutritional Approach (SUVINA). A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to determine dietary patterns that were: low-, or high in antioxidant; dietary inflammation index (DII) and health eating index (HEI) were also determined. Body composition indexes including basal metabolic rate (BMR), body free fat mass (BFFM), body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BFP), trunk fat and total body water (TBW) were measured using a InBody body composition analyser. A P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results: A total 77 individuals including 29 males and 48 females were recruited into the study. A high-antioxidant dietary pattern was significantly correlated with BMR (p = 0.002), BFFM (p = 0.007) and TBW (p = 0.002). There was no significant relationship between body compostion with a low-antioxidant dietary pattern, DII and HEI. After adjusting for age and sex, our findings showed that a high-antioxidant dietary pattern were independently associated with BMR, BFFM and TBW.

Conclusion: A high-antioxidant dietary pattern was independently associated with decreased BMR, BFFM and TBW, while no association was found between body composition indexes and DII and HEI in normal weight paticipants with MetS.

Keywords: Body composition; Dietary inflammatory index; Healthy eating index; High-antioxidant pattern; Low-antioxidant pattern; Metabolic syndrome.