Surveillance and office management of low-grade Ta bladder tumors

Abstract

Objective: Patients with low-grade (LG), grade 1-2, Ta bladder cancer (BC) will frequently have a "recurrence". However, they rarely progress in stage. Although current guidelines mention surveillance and office management for these new or recurrent tumors, transurethral resection (TURBT) is the most common treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine if surveillance and/or office cautery is safe.

Materials and methods: This study was conducted as a retrospective case series analysis of 45 patients who had recurrent LG Ta appearing bladder cancer (BC) and were managed primarily with surveillance and/or office cautery. Patients with carcinoma in-situ were excluded. The primary outcome was stage progression.

Results: Median follow up was 62 months. 41 (91%) patients did not progress in stage. Three patients recurred with HG T1 BC; one is receiving systemic immunotherapy. One patient developed HG T2 BC and was treated with a bladder preservation protocol. 40 (89%) patients underwent office cauterization. Eleven received BCG and 26 received post-cautery intravesical chemotherapy. Five (11%) patients developed HG BC during follow up. No patients died. None of the 17 (38%) Hispanic patients had progression.

Conclusions: Active surveillance and/or office cautery for patients with small recurrent LG Ta bladder tumors is safe, reduces cost and improves quality of life by avoiding TURBTs.

Keywords: Active surveillance; Bladder cancer; Cauterización; Cauterization; Cáncer de vejiga; Manejo ambulatorio; Office management; Vigilancia activa.