Radiation therapy modalities for keloid management: A critical review

Abstract

Objective: To provide a critical overview of current radiation modalities for keloid management.

Background: Despite multimodal therapies, keloids that can develop following injury are poorly controlled. A number of studies have suggested that post-excisional radiation therapy can reduce rates of keloid recurrence. However, existing reports span multiple radiation modalities, including brachytherapy, electron beam radiation, and photon radiation. In this review, we describe the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used radiation techniques and highlight their efficacy in keloid management.

Results: Electron beam radiation and high-dose rate brachytherapy are the two most commonly used modalities for adjuvant radiotherapeutic management of keloids and can provide effective keloid control but may be suited for different kinds of keloid growth patterns. Increasing biologically equivalent dose (BED) likely improves rates of control, though the clinical significance of this finding remains to be elucidated. Though radiation treatments are associated with acute and chronic side effects, the risk of developing a secondary malignancy is minimal.

Conclusions: While radiation therapy is a promising modality for treating keloids, more studies of a prospective, randomized nature are needed to standardize its utility.

Keywords: Brachytherapy; Electron beam; Keloids; Radiation.