Assessment of salivary alpha amylase and mucin-4 before and after non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis

Int J Implant Dent. 2022 Jul 14;8(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s40729-022-00429-z.

Abstract

Background: The present study was based on the null hypothesis that there is no difference in clinicoradiographic parameters and whole salivary alpha amylase (AA) and mucin-4 levels before and after non-surgical mechanical debridement (NSMD) of patients with peri-implant mucositis (PM). The aim was to assess whole salivary AA and mucin-4 levels before and after treatment of PM.

Methods: Patients with PM (Group-1) and individuals without peri-implant diseases (Group-2) were included. Demographic data was collected and peri-implant modified plaque and bleeding indices (mPI and mBI, respectively), probing depth (PD) and crestal bone loss were measured at baseline. Levels of AA and mucin-4 were assessed in unstimulated whole saliva samples. All patients underwent full-mouth non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) and NSMD; and clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers were re-assessed after 3 months. Level of significance was set at P < 0.01.

Results: Twenty-six and 32 individuals were included in groups 1 and 2, respectively. None of the participants had periodontitis. At baseline clinical periodontal parameters (PI [P < 0.001], GI [P < 0.001], clinical AL [P < 0.001] and PD [P < 0.001]) were significantly high in Group-1 than Group-2. At 3-month follow-up, there was a statistically significant reduction in clinical periodontal and peri-implant parameters (PI [P < 0.01], GI [P < 0.01], and PD [P < 0.01]) in Group-1 compared with their baseline values. At baseline, salivary AA levels were significantly high in Group-1 than Group-2 (P < 0.01). At 3-month follow-up, there was no significant difference in whole salivary AA levels among patients in groups 1 and 2.

Conclusions: The AA and mucin-4 levels are potential biomarkers for evaluation of peri-implant diseases including PM. Mechanical instrumentation continues to be the most predictable treatment option for the management of peri-implant diseases.

Keywords: Alpha amylase; Dental implant; Mechanical debridement; Mucin-4; Peri-implant mucositis; Whole saliva.

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers / analysis
  • Debridement
  • Dental Implants* / adverse effects
  • Humans
  • Mucin-4* / analysis
  • Mucositis / etiology
  • Mucositis / metabolism
  • Mucositis / therapy
  • Peri-Implantitis* / etiology
  • Peri-Implantitis* / metabolism
  • Peri-Implantitis* / therapy
  • Saliva* / chemistry
  • Salivary alpha-Amylases* / analysis
  • Stomatitis* / etiology
  • Stomatitis* / metabolism
  • Stomatitis* / therapy

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Dental Implants
  • Mucin-4
  • Salivary alpha-Amylases