Evaluation of serum and salivary PCSK9 and IL6 and its association with periodontal inflammation and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases

Roshan R Rughwani; Priyanka K Cholan; Dhayanand John Victor; Paavai Ilango; Sanjay M Cherian; Rajkumar N Rughwani; Anupama Tadepalli

doi:10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.08.013

Evaluation of serum and salivary PCSK9 and IL6 and its association with periodontal inflammation and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2022 Sep-Oct;12(5):633-638. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.08.013. Epub 2022 Aug 17.

Authors

Roshan R Rughwani¹, Priyanka K Cholan¹, Dhayanand John Victor¹, Paavai Ilango², Sanjay M Cherian³, Rajkumar N Rughwani⁴, Anupama Tadepalli¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, 600 089, India.
² Dental Department, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai, 600 037, India.
³ Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai, 600 037, India.
⁴ SRF, Fatima Mata National College, Kollam, 691 001, India.

Abstract

Background: and Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess, compare and correlate the ability of PCSK9 and IL6 as potential common serum and salivary biomarkers for stage III/IV periodontitis and the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.

Methods: 76 patients were alloted into 4 groups consisting of subjects with clinically healthy periodontium and stage III/IV periodontitis with and without ACVD. Clinical parameters - PD, CAL, number of teeth, PI, mSBI, TC, Tg, HDL and LDL were recorded. Serum and saliva samples were obtained and subjected to ELISA for quantifying the biomarker levels.

Results: The level of these biomarkers was found to be the lowest (IL6 Serum: 21.92 ± 14.54, IL6 Saliva: 12.34 ± 7.72, PCSK9 Serum: 178.82 ± 35.07, PCSK9 Saliva: 80.82 ± 25.43) in group I and highest in group IV (IL6 Serum: 73.4 ± 24.86, IL6 Saliva: 37.66 ± 15.77, PCSK9 Serum: 346.54 ± 45.11, PCSK9 Saliva: 157.72 ± 43.28). The clinical parameters PI, mSBI, PPD, CAL, total number of teeth, TC, HDL and LDL showed a significant correlation with biomarkers PCSK9 and IL6.

Conclusion: This study features the elevation of serum and salivary PCSK9 and IL6 in periodontitis and ACVD. A triad of serum and salivary PCSK9 and IL6 along with the clinical markers of periodontal disease can relatively predict the future risk of developing ACVD.

Keywords: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; Biomarkers; Chronic inflammation; IL6; PCSK9; Periodontal disease.