Sex and gender disparity in kidney transplantation: Historical and future perspectives

Clin Transplant. 2022 Dec;36(12):e14814. doi: 10.1111/ctr.14814. Epub 2022 Sep 26.

Abstract

Sex and gender disparity exist in various stages of kidney transplantation. Females were found to be less likely to be referred for kidney transplant, complete pre-transplant evaluation, be placed on the waitlist, and receive a kidney transplant compared to their male counterparts. Interestingly, females comprise the majority of living kidney donors. This review explores the biological and psychosocial factors that contribute to sex and gender disparity in kidney transplantation and proposes ways to address the disparity.

Keywords: disparities; kidney (allograft) function/dysfunction; kidney transplantation: living donor.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Female
  • Humans
  • Kidney Transplantation* / psychology
  • Living Donors / psychology
  • Male
  • Waiting Lists