Effects of vatinoxan in dogs premedicated with medetomidine and butorphanol followed by sevoflurane anaesthesia: a randomized clinical study

Vet Anaesth Analg. 2022 Nov;49(6):563-571. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.08.002. Epub 2022 Sep 8.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate effects of vatinoxan in dogs, when administered as intravenous (IV) premedication with medetomidine and butorphanol before anaesthesia for surgical castration.

Study design: A randomized, controlled, blinded, clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 28 client-owned dogs.

Methods: Dogs were premedicated with medetomidine (0.125 mg m-2) and butorphanol (0.2 mg kg-1) (group MB; n = 14), or medetomidine (0.25 mg m-2), butorphanol (0.2 mg kg-1) and vatinoxan (5 mg m-2) (group MB-VATI; n = 14). Anaesthesia was induced 15 minutes later with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen (targeting 1.3%). Before surgical incision, lidocaine (2 mg kg-1) was injected intratesticularly. At the end of the procedure, meloxicam (0.2 mg kg-1) was administered IV. The level of sedation, the qualities of induction, intubation and recovery, and Glasgow Composite Pain Scale short form (GCPS-SF) were assessed. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane (Fe'Sevo) and carbon dioxide (Pe'CO2) were recorded. Blood samples were collected at 10 and 30 minutes after premedication for plasma medetomidine and butorphanol concentrations.

Results: At the beginning of surgery, HR was 61 ± 16 and 93 ± 23 beats minute-1 (p = 0.001), and MAP was 78 ± 7 and 56 ± 7 mmHg (p = 0.001) in MB and MB-VATI groups, respectively. No differences were detected in fR, Pe'CO2, Fe'Sevo, the level of sedation, the qualities of induction, intubation and recovery, or in GCPS-SF. Plasma medetomidine concentrations were higher in group MB-VATI than in MB at 10 minutes (p = 0.002) and 30 minutes (p = 0.0001). Plasma butorphanol concentrations were not different between groups.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: In group MB, HR was significantly lower than in group MB-VATI. Hypotension detected in group MB-VATI during sevoflurane anaesthesia was clinically the most significant difference between groups.

Keywords: anaesthesia; butorphanol; dog; medetomidine; sevoflurane; vatinoxan.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary

MeSH terms

  • Anesthesia* / veterinary
  • Animals
  • Butorphanol / pharmacology
  • Carbon Dioxide / pharmacology
  • Dogs
  • Heart Rate
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives / pharmacology
  • Medetomidine* / pharmacology
  • Sevoflurane / pharmacology

Substances

  • Medetomidine
  • Butorphanol
  • Sevoflurane
  • vatinoxan
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives