Multifrequency bioimpedance by spectroscopy vs. routine methods in the management of hydration status in peritoneal dialysis patients: A randomized control trial

Fabiana Lourenço Costa; Nayrana Soares do Carmo Reis; Fabricio Moreira Reis; Rogério Carvalho de Oliveira; Silméia Garcia Zanati Bazan; Maryanne Zilli Canedo da Silva; Luis Cuadrado Martin; Pasqual Barretti

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.911047

Multifrequency bioimpedance by spectroscopy vs. routine methods in the management of hydration status in peritoneal dialysis patients: A randomized control trial

Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Sep 8:9:911047. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.911047. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Fabiana Lourenço Costa¹, Nayrana Soares do Carmo Reis¹, Fabricio Moreira Reis¹, Rogério Carvalho de Oliveira¹, Silméia Garcia Zanati Bazan¹, Maryanne Zilli Canedo da Silva¹, Luis Cuadrado Martin¹, Pasqual Barretti¹

Affiliation

¹ Department Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil.

Abstract

Background: Overhydration (OH) is common in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and increases the cardiovascular risk. Multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) has been proposed to estimate the hydration in dialysis. Our objective was to evaluate if BIS is superior than control based on clinical assessment plus single-frequency bioimpedance (SF-BIA) on the fluid control and intermediate cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: Randomized controlled study in adult PD patients, with a 9-month follow-up, allocated into two groups: control and BIS. Data were collected from medical records. SF-BIA and BIS, laboratory exams, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography (ECHO), and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated. The BIS data were available to the medical team only in BIS group.

Results: 34 patients completed the study, 17 in each group. At the endpoint the BIS group had a significant (p < 0.05) greater proportion of patients with OH/extracellular water (OH/ECW%) ≤ 15% than the control (94.1% vs. 52.9%), and a lower OH mean (2.1 ± 1.6 vs. 0.9 ± 1.1 L). The control group has a significant increase in the tumor necrosis factor alpha median concentration from baseline to six [11.9 (6.0-24.1) vs. 44.7 (9.4-70.6) pg/ml] and 9 months [11.9 (6.0-24.1) vs. 39.4 (27.9-62.6) pg/ml], and in the N-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide median [239 (171.5-360.5) vs. 356 (219-1,555) pg/ml]. For cardiovascular parameters, BIS group presented a significant reduction in radial PWV [7.7 (6.9-9.2) vs. 6.5 (5.5-8.4) m/s] at 9 month, while in the control presented a significant increase in mean central systolic blood pressure (BP) (106.8 ± 11.2 vs. 117.6 ± 16.5 mmHg) and in central diastolic BP (90.4 ± 9.8 vs. 103.3 ± 12.5 mmHg) at 9 months. The left ventricular mass (LVM)/body surface presented a significant reduction in the control (109.6 ± 30.8 vs. 101.2 ± 28.9 g/m²) and BIS group (107.7 ± 24.9 vs. 96.1 ± 27.0 g/m²) at 9 months.

Conclusion: The results suggest BIS is superior than the clinical evaluation plus SF-BIA for the fluid control of PD patients.

Clinical trial registration: [https://www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [RBR-10k8j3bx].

Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; chronic kidney disease; electrical bioimpedance; inflammation; overhydration; peritoneal dialysis.