1 Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. Christian.jung@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.
2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe: épidémiologie hospitalière qualité et organisation des soins, 75012, Paris, France.
3 Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, service de réanimation médicale, 75012, Paris, France.
4 Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
5 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.