Fire and Darkness: On the Assessment and Management of Bipolar Disorder

Katerina Nikolitch; Gayatri Saraf; Marco Solmi; Kurt Kroenke; Jess G Fiedorowicz

doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2022.04.002

Fire and Darkness: On the Assessment and Management of Bipolar Disorder

Med Clin North Am. 2023 Jan;107(1):31-60. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.04.002. Epub 2022 Oct 28.

Authors

Katerina Nikolitch¹, Gayatri Saraf², Marco Solmi³, Kurt Kroenke⁴, Jess G Fiedorowicz⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Box 400, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Institute for Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
² Department of Psychiatry, The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Box 400, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
³ Department of Psychiatry, The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Box 400, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
⁴ Indiana University School of Medicine and Regenstrief Institute, 1101 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
⁵ Department of Psychiatry, The University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Box 400, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: jfiedorowicz@toh.ca.

PMID: 36402499
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.04.002

Abstract

Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent mood episodes, affecting 1% to 2% of the population. Although its defining features are manic and hypomanic episodes, its course is dominated by depressive syndromes. Diagnosis can be challenging owing to symptom overlap with other disorders. Management goals include early and complete remission of acute episodes and the prevention of relapse between episodes. We present an overview of bipolar disorder and its subtypes, including algorithms and suggestions for screening, assessment, and treatment.

Keywords: Bipolar disorder; Diagnosis; Primary care; Psychopharmacology; Treatment.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Bipolar Disorder* / diagnosis
Bipolar Disorder* / epidemiology
Bipolar Disorder* / therapy
Darkness
Humans
Recurrence