Metabolome analysis shows that ultrasound enhances the lethality of chlorine dioxide against Salmonella Typhimurium by disrupting its material and energy metabolism

Wei Luo; Jinqiu Wang; Ling Sun; Rui Li; Di Wu; Jie Tang; Jiamin Zhang; Fang Geng

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112135

Metabolome analysis shows that ultrasound enhances the lethality of chlorine dioxide against Salmonella Typhimurium by disrupting its material and energy metabolism

Food Res Int. 2022 Dec;162(Pt B):112135. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112135. Epub 2022 Nov 17.

Authors

Wei Luo¹, Jinqiu Wang², Ling Sun¹, Rui Li³, Di Wu¹, Jie Tang¹, Jiamin Zhang¹, Fang Geng⁴

Affiliations

¹ Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China.
² Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China; Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China.
³ Engineering Research Center of Sichuan-Tibet Traditional Medicinal Plant, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China.
⁴ Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China. Electronic address: gengfang@cdu.edu.cn.

PMID: 36461359
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112135

Abstract

The physiological status of Salmonella after its ultrasonication was investigated to reveal the potential mechanism through which ultrasound enhances the lethality of chlorine dioxide against Salmonella. Applying either the probe ultrasound (US) or water bath ultrasound (WUS) disrupted the cellular structure of Salmonella bacteria, increased the permeability of their bacterial outer membrane (US: 9.00 %, WUS: 11.96 %), and caused intracellular reactive oxygen species to accumulate (US: 13.95 %, WUS: 4.34 %,), which resulted in a reduction of ATP (US: 15.22 %, WUS: 14.15 %) and ATPase activity (US: 3.13 %, WUS: 26.06 %). This series of adverse effects eventually led to the disruption of the metabolic process in Salmonella cells, by mainly altering the metabolism of lipids, small molecules, and energy. Therefore, ultrasound enhances the lethality of chlorine dioxide primarily by disrupting the cellular structure, intracellular material, and energy homeostasis of Salmonella. This finding will promote the development and application of ultrasonic-assisted sterilization technology in food industries.

Keywords: Energy metabolism; Lipids metabolism; Salmonella; Ultrasound.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Chlorine Compounds* / pharmacology
Energy Metabolism
Metabolome
Salmonella typhimurium*

Substances

chlorine dioxide
Chlorine Compounds