Clearing the air: clarifying the causal role of smoking in mental illness

Affiliations

• ¹ Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
• ² Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
• ³ Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ⁴ Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
• ⁵ Addiction and Mental Health Group, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.