Somatic embryogenesis is an essential technology for high productivity in plant culture, and with the advent of nanotechnology, the synergism between these areas could be the answer to developing concepts involving Agriculture 4.0. This perspective permeates both areas, presenting the opportunities and challenges for the consolidation of ideas involving the application of nanoparticles to micropropagation processes (callus induction, preservation, growing, and modification, among others) and also to the production of byproducts (such as biosynthesis of nanoparticles and production of secondary metabolites). Nanotoxicological aspects are also emphasized as well as up-to-date instrumentation involved in these studies.
Keywords: byproducts; calluses; cells; instrumentation; micropropagation; nanoparticles.