Increased Labyrinthine T1 Postgadolinium Signal Intensity Is Associated with the Degree of Ipsilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Patients with Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma

Abstract

Background and purpose: Vestibular schwannomas are benign, generally slow-growing tumors, commonly presenting with hearing loss. Alterations in the labyrinthine signal are seen in patients with vestibular schwannoma; however, the association between imaging abnormalities and hearing function remains poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to determine whether labyrinthine signal intensity is associated with hearing in patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma.

Materials and methods: This was an institutional review board-approved retrospective review of patients from a prospectively maintained vestibular schwannoma registry imaged in 2003-2017. Signal-intensity ratios of the ipsilateral labyrinth were obtained using T1, T2-FLAIR, and postgadolinium T1 sequences. Signal-intensity ratios were compared with tumor volume and audiometric hearing threshold data including pure tone average, word recognition score, and American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery hearing class.

Results: One hundred ninety-five patients were analyzed. Ipsilateral labyrinthine signal intensity including postgadolinium T1 images was positively correlated with tumor volume (correlation coefficient = 0.17, P = .02). Among signal-intensity ratios, postgadolinium T1 was significantly positively associated with pure tone average (correlation coefficient = 0.28, P < .001) and negatively associated with the word recognition score (correlation coefficient = -0.21, P = .003). Overall, this result correlated with impaired American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery hearing class (P = .04). Multivariable analysis suggested persistent associations independent of tumor volume with pure tone average (correlation coefficient = 0.25, P < .001) and the word recognition score (correlation coefficient = -0.17, P = .02) but not hearing class (P = .14). No consistent significant associations were noted between noncontrast T1 and T2-FLAIR signal intensities and audiometric testing.

Conclusions: Increased ipsilateral labyrinthine postgadolinium signal intensity is associated with hearing loss in patients with vestibular schwannoma.