Evaluation of serum levels of Irisin as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Thoraya Mohamed Ahmed; Mahmoud Nassar; Hanaa Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed; Khaled El-Sayed Elhadidy; Hanan Mohamed Farhan; Ahmed Sayed Abd El Basset; Riem M Elmessiery; Mahmoud Farid Kamel

doi:10.1002/edm2.403

Evaluation of serum levels of Irisin as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2023 May;6(3):e403. doi: 10.1002/edm2.403. Epub 2023 Mar 14.

Authors

Thoraya Mohamed Ahmed¹, Mahmoud Nassar², Hanaa Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed¹, Khaled El-Sayed Elhadidy¹, Hanan Mohamed Farhan³, Ahmed Sayed Abd El Basset⁴, Riem M Elmessiery⁵, Mahmoud Farid Kamel¹

Affiliations

¹ Internal Medicine Department at Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
² Internal Medicine Department at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health+Hospitals, Queens, New York, USA.
³ Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
⁴ Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Bani-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
⁵ Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Introduction: Insulin resistance and obesity have been associated with irisin, a protein in fat cells. The levels of irisin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were significantly lower than those in non-diabetics. This study aimed to examine the relationship between serum irisin levels and endothelial dysfunction in patients with T2DM.

Methods: There were 90 participants in this study. We matched 65 patients with T2DM with 25 healthy control participants. A series of tests were performed on the participants, including fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TG/HDL-C ratio and albumin/creatinine ratio. In addition to measuring high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used for estimating irisin concentrations.

Results: Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was significantly lower in patients with T2DM; however, there was a non-statistically significant difference between healthy controls and patients with T2DM regarding serum Irisin level. CRP and LDL levels were inversely correlated with circulating irisin levels. In a stepwise regression analysis, only the hs-CRP and LDL were statistically significant in predicting irisin level.

Conclusions: In patients with T2DM, serum levels of irisin were inversely correlated with hyperglycaemia, body mass index and per cent body fat; this suggests that detecting irisin levels early can prevent cardiovascular diseases from progressing. According to the study results, serum irisin serves as a predictive marker for early cardiovascular disease, thus preventing the disease from progressing. There is a need for further research in order to understand how irisin contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and the development of diabetic complications.

Keywords: Irisin; T2DM; inflammation; insulin resistance; obesity.

MeSH terms

Blood Glucose / metabolism
C-Reactive Protein
Cholesterol, HDL
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*
Fibronectins
Humans
Triglycerides

Substances

Fibronectins
Blood Glucose
C-Reactive Protein
Triglycerides
Cholesterol, HDL