Antidepressants amitriptyline, fluoxetine, and traditional Chinese medicine Xiaoyaosan caused alterations in gut DNA virome composition and function in rats exposed chronic unpredictable mild stress

Jialin Li; Wan Qu; Chengcheng Hu; Zongbao Liu; He Yan

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1132403

Antidepressants amitriptyline, fluoxetine, and traditional Chinese medicine Xiaoyaosan caused alterations in gut DNA virome composition and function in rats exposed chronic unpredictable mild stress

Front Microbiol. 2023 Apr 14:14:1132403. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1132403. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Jialin Li¹, Wan Qu¹, Chengcheng Hu², Zongbao Liu³, He Yan^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
² Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore.
³ Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
⁴ Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China.

Abstract

Background: In clinical practice, antidepressant drugs are widely used to treat depression. Previous studies have attention to the impact of antidepressants on the bacterial microbiome, while the role of these drugs in the gut virome is still unclear.

Methods: In this study, we estimated the effects of antidepressant amitriptyline (Ami), fluoxetine (Flu), and traditional Chinese medicine Xiaoyaosan (XYS) administration on gut viral composition and function in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression rat model based on shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

Results: The results showed that treatment with Ami, Flu, and XYS significantly changed the gut viral composition compared with the CUMS-induced rats. At the family level, the abundance of f_unclassified_Caudovirales in CUMS rats was remarkably lower than in the HC rats, nevertheless, XYS significantly recovered the abundance of Caudovirales. Meanwhile, the abundance of Podoviridae was expanded in CUMS rats compared with the HC rats, and the profile was then significantly reduced after XYS treatment. Furthermore, both antidepressants and XYS increased the abundance of Siphoviridae compared with the CUMS rats, but only Ami treatments had significant differences. Subsequent function annotation further implied that Ami, Flu, and XYS showed to involve an alteration of the diverse viral functions, such as carbohydrate metabolism, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, community-prokaryotes, translation, and neurodegenerative disease. Additionally, the co-occurrence network displayed that there are complex interactions between viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) represented by temperate phages and the majority of bacterial genera in the intestine ecosystem.

Conclusion: Our study proved for the first time that depression is characterized by massive alterations and functional distortion of the gut viruses, and after oral administration of Ami, Flu, and XYS could affect disordered gut virome, which could be a novel target in depression.

Keywords: Xiaoyaosan; amitriptyline; depression; fluoxetine; gut viruses.