Pancoronary plaque characteristics and clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients with cancer history

Atherosclerosis. 2023 Aug:378:117118. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.03.023. Epub 2023 Apr 20.

Abstract

Background and aims: The prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with cancer history is increasing and it is associated with higher mortality. However, there is limited evidence on the characteristics of coronary plaque in ACS patients with cancer history. This study explored the pancoronary plaque characteristics in ACS patients with cancer history by optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: A total of 306 ACS patients treated by 3-vessel OCT at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included, retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of cancer history: one group with cancer history (n = 98) and a matched group without cancer history (n = 208).

Results: A total of 314 culprit lesions and 514 nonculprit lesions were identified by OCT in this study. In culprit lesions, ACS patients with cancer history had higher incidence of thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) (p = 0.016), cholesterol crystals (p = 0.028), calcification (p = 0.001) and thrombus (p = 0.001), and had thinner fibrous cap thickness (FCT) (p = 0.011), greater maximum lipid arc (p = 0.042) and lipid index (p < 0.001), compared to matched ACS patients without cancer history. In nonculprit lesions, ACS patients with cancer history had higher prevalence of high-risk plaque (14.7% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.017), nonculprit rupture (14.7% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.003), and TCFA (52.2% vs. 28.3%, p < 0.001), and had higher incidence of calcification (p = 0.003), thrombus (p = 0.029), cholesterol crystals (p = 0.002) and microchannels (p = 0.029). These non-culprit lesions had longer lesion length (p = 0.001), thinner FCT (p < 0.001), greater maximum lipid arc (p = 0.016) and lipid index (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: ACS patients with cancer history showed more high-risk plaque features in culprit and nonculprit lesions, compared with ACS patients without cancer history. Therefore, ACS patients with cancer history may have greater pancoronary vulnerability. This may predict a poorer prognosis for ACS patients with cancer history.

Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; Cancer history; Optical coherence tomography; Outcomes; Plaque characteristics.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acute Coronary Syndrome* / complications
  • Acute Coronary Syndrome* / diagnostic imaging
  • Acute Coronary Syndrome* / epidemiology
  • Cholesterol
  • Coronary Angiography
  • Coronary Artery Disease* / pathology
  • Coronary Vessels / diagnostic imaging
  • Coronary Vessels / pathology
  • Fibrosis
  • Humans
  • Lipids
  • Neoplasms* / complications
  • Neoplasms* / epidemiology
  • Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention*
  • Plaque, Atherosclerotic* / pathology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Thrombosis* / pathology
  • Tomography, Optical Coherence / methods

Substances

  • Cholesterol
  • Lipids