Treatment of brain tumors, particularly malignant gliomas, is challenging using only surgical resection and radiation therapy, and medical treatment plays an important role in the management of these malignancies. Temozolomide has been mainly used for the treatment of malignant gliomas over a decade. However, novel therapeutic options, such as molecular-targeted drugs and oncolytic virus therapeutic agents have been introduced in recent years. Classical anticancer medications, such as nitrosoureas and platinum-based drugs, continue to be administered for treatment of some types of malignant brain tumors.