Objective: To identify the prevalence and correlates associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) in a nationally representative sample of older (55+) US military veterans.
Methods: Data were analyzed from the 2019-2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (N = 3,356; mean age = 70.6). Self-report measures of past-year suicidal ideation (SI), lifetime suicide plan, lifetime suicide attempt(s), and future suicide intent were examined in relation to sociodemographic, neuropsychiatric, trauma, physical health, and protective factors.
Results: A total of 6.6% (95% CI = 5.7%-7.8%) of the sample endorsed past-year SI, 4.1% (CI = 3.3%-5.1%) a lifetime suicide plan, 1.8% (CI = 1.4%-2.3%) a lifetime suicide attempt, and 0.9% (CI = 0.5%-1.3%) future suicide intent. Higher levels of loneliness and lower levels of purpose in life were most strongly associated with past-year SI; lifetime history of major depressive disorder with suicide plan and suicide attempt; and frequency of past-year SI and more negative expectations regarding emotional aging with future suicide intent.
Conclusion: These findings provide the most up-to-date nationally representative prevalence estimates of STBs among older military veterans in the United States. Several modifiable vulnerability factors were found to be associated with suicide risk in older US military veterans, suggesting that these factors may be targets for intervention in this population.
Keywords: Older veterans; protective factors; suicide prevention; suicide risk.
Published by Elsevier Inc.