The 7-day Beverage Intake Questionnaire for Latino Children: Validation of a Culturally Tailored Tool

Abstract

Objective: To validate a culturally tailored 7-day beverage intake questionnaire for Latino children (BIQ-L).

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Federally qualified health center in San Francisco, CA.

Participants: Latino parents and their children aged 1-5 years (n = 105).

Variables measured: Parents completed the BIQ-L for each child and three 24-hour dietary recalls. Participants' height and weight were measured.

Analysis: Correlations between the mean intake of beverages in 4 categories as determined by the BIQ-L and three 24-hour dietary recalls were assessed. Multivariable linear regression examined the association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) servings as determined by the BIQ-L and child body mass index z-score.

Results: Mean daily intake of SSB (r = 0.52, P < 0.001), 100% fruit juice (r = 0.45, P < 0.001), flavored milk (r = 0.7, P < 0.001), and unflavored milk (r = 0.7, P < 0.001) from the BIQ-L were correlated with intake assessed via three 24-hour dietary recalls. In the multivariable model, weekly servings of SSBs were associated with child body mass index z-score (β = 0.15, P = 0.02). Culturally specific beverages comprised 38% of the SSB intake reported on the BIQ-L.

Conclusions and implications: The BIQ-L is a valid tool for assessing beverage intake among Latino children aged 1-5 years. The inclusion of culturally specific beverages is critical for accurately assessing beverage intake among Latino children.

Keywords: Latino; beverages; fruit juices; pediatric obesity; sugar-sweetened beverages.