Sodium-alginate-laden MXene and MOF systems and their composite hydrogel beads for batch and fixed-bed adsorption of naproxen with electrochemical regeneration

Ahsan Abdul Ghani; Kamakshaiah Charyulu Devarayapalli; Bolam Kim; Youngsu Lim; Gyuhyeon Kim; Jiseon Jang; Dae Sung Lee

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121098

Sodium-alginate-laden MXene and MOF systems and their composite hydrogel beads for batch and fixed-bed adsorption of naproxen with electrochemical regeneration

Carbohydr Polym. 2023 Oct 15:318:121098. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121098. Epub 2023 Jun 9.

Authors

Ahsan Abdul Ghani¹, Kamakshaiah Charyulu Devarayapalli², Bolam Kim², Youngsu Lim², Gyuhyeon Kim², Jiseon Jang³, Dae Sung Lee⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Karachi, Main University Road, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan.
² Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
³ R&D Institute of Radioactive Wastes, Korea Radioactive Waste Agency, 174 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea.
⁴ Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: daesung@knu.ac.kr.

PMID: 37479431
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121098

Abstract

Sodium alginate (SA)-laden two-dimensional (2D) Ti₃C₂T_x MXene (MX) and MIL-101(Fe) (a type of metal-organic framework (MOF)) composites were prepared and used for the removal of naproxen (NPX), following the adsorption and electrochemical regeneration processes. The fixed-bed adsorption column studies were also conducted to study the process of removal of NPX by hydrogels. The number of interactions via which the MX-embedded SA (MX@SA) could adsorb NPX was higher than the number of pathways associated with NPX adsorption on the MIL-101(Fe)-embedded SA (MIL-101(Fe)@SA), and the MX and MIL-101(Fe) composite embedded SA (MX/MIL-101(Fe)@SA). The optimum parameters for the electrochemical regeneration process were determined: charge passed and current density values were 169.3 C g^-1 and 10 mA cm^-2, respectively, for MX@SA, and the charge passed and current density values were 16.7 C g^-1 and 5 mA cm^-2, respectively, for both MIL-101(Fe)@SA and MX/MIL-101(Fe)@SA. These parameters enabled excellent regeneration, consistent over multiple adsorption and electrochemical regeneration cycles. The mechanism for the regeneration of the materials was proposed that the regeneration of MX@SA and MIL-101(Fe)@SA involved the indirect electrooxidation process in the presence of OH radicals, and the regeneration of MX/MIL-101(Fe)@SA involved the indirect oxidation process in the presence of active chlorine species.

Keywords: Adsorption; Electrochemical regeneration; MXene; Metal–organic frameworks; Naproxen.