Leiomyosarcoma of urinary bladder (LMS-UB) is a highly malignant mesenchymal tumor, accounting for less than 0.5% of all bladder malignancies, with a predominant clinical presentation of hematuria. Here we report a case of low-grade LMS-UB. A 44-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with urodynia for 2 weeks. The patient's pelvis CT showed a mass on the right part of the bladder. For this reason, he was initially diagnosed with bladder cancer. We performed a robot-assisted laparoscopic enucleation of the bladder tumor and low-grade LMS-UB was diagnosed with the histopathological examination. He underwent 5 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. At 19months postoperative follow-up, the patient had no symptoms, recurrence, or distant metastasis. There is no report on the treatment of LMS-UB with minimally invasive enucleation worldwide. This case provides a new comprehensive treatment method of enucleation combined with adjuvant chemotherapy for early low-grade LMS-UB to reduce complications and improve patients' quality of life after surgery.
膀胱平滑肌肉瘤(leiomyosarcoma of urinary bladder，LMS-UB)是一种高度恶性间叶来源性肿瘤，占所有膀胱恶性肿瘤的比例不足0.5%，临床表现以血尿为主。现报告低级别LMS-UB1例，患者为44岁男性，因“尿痛2周”入院。患者盆腔CT提示膀胱右侧壁肿物，初步诊断为膀胱肿瘤，予机器人辅助腹腔镜下膀胱肿瘤剜除术。术后病理检查提示低级别LMS-UB，予5个周期辅助化学治疗。随访19个月，患者无不适症状，无复发及远处转移。此前国内外暂无微创行剜除术治疗LMS-UB的相关报道，本病例为早期低级别LMS-UB提供了一种新的外科手术联合辅助化学治疗的综合治疗方案，有望减少并发症及提高患者术后生活质量。.
Keywords: bladder cancer; chemotherapy; leiomyosarcoma; robotic-assisted surgery.