Psychosocial comorbidities of diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran

Mehri Doosti-Irani; Kobra Noorian; Leila Rafiee Vardanjani; Paulo Fanti; Evah W Odoi; Samereh Abdoli

doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_892_22

Psychosocial comorbidities of diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran

J Educ Health Promot. 2023 Jun 30:12:210. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_892_22. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Mehri Doosti-Irani¹, Kobra Noorian¹, Leila Rafiee Vardanjani^{1

2}, Paulo Fanti³, Evah W Odoi⁴, Samereh Abdoli⁵

Affiliations

¹ School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
² Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
³ Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas-SP, Brasil, Brazil.
⁴ Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, 1914 Andy Holt Avenue, Knoxville, TN, USA.
⁵ College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, 1200 Volunteer Blvd Rm 155, Knoxville, TN, USA.

Abstract

Background: The psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are mainly focused on the general population, while pandemics do not impact the mental health of the entire population uniformly, especially vulnerable populations with underlying health conditions. This study aimed to investigate diabetes psychosocial comorbidities among Iranians with type 1 diabetes (T1D) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate diabetes psychosocial comorbidities among Iranians with type 1 diabetes (T1D) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 212 adults with T1D in different cities in Iran. Study participants completed an online survey in April-June 2020. The survey collected self-reported data on diabetes psychosocial comorbidities (i.e. diabetes burnout, diabetes distress, and depressive symptoms). Demographic and COVID-19 data before and during the pandemic were also collected. Responses were analyzed using ordinary least squares and logistic regression methods.

Results: Around 17.5% reported being tested for COVID-19 virus, 8% were diagnosed positive, 10.8% were hospitalized, and 92.9% followed precaution recommendations during the pandemic. Participants had high levels of diabetes distress (57.1%), depressive symptoms (60.8%), and diabetes burnout (mean score = 3.1 out of 5). During the pandemic, trouble paying for the very basic needs was a consistent factor increasing the risk of diabetes distress, diabetes burnout, and depressive symptoms. Lack of access to diabetes care was only associated with diabetes burnout, while diabetes hospitalization/emergency department (ED) visit was associated with diabetes distress. Existing diabetes disparities before the pandemic were also associated with higher scores of diabetes psychosocial comorbidities [accessing diabetes supplies and medications (P < 0.0001) and places for physical exercise (P < 0.0333)].

Conclusion: The negative impact of the COVID-19-related changes on individuals with diabetes, as one of the most vulnerable populations, must be recognized alongside the physical, financial, and societal impact on all those affected. Psychological interventions should be implemented urgently in Iran, especially for those with such characteristics.

Keywords: Burnout; COVID-19; Iran; depression; diabetes mellitus.