Two-year results from Onyx ONE clear in patients with high bleeding risk on one-month DAPT with and without intracoronary imaging

Abstract

Background: Patients with high bleeding risk (HBR) are often treated with abbreviated dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to reduce bleeding risk, however this strategy is associated with an increase in ischemic events, especially if the acute PCI result is suboptimal. We compared clinical outcomes among patients with HBR treated with 1-month DAPT who underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)- or optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided PCI versus those who underwent angiography-guided PCI without intravascular imaging.

Methods: The Onyx ONE Clear study includes patients with HBR from the Onyx ONE US/Japan and Onyx ONE randomized studies who were treated with the Resolute Onyx zotarolimus-eluting stent. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiac death (CD) or myocardial infarction (MI) between 1 month and 2 years after PCI. Propensity-score adjustments and matching were performed for differences in baseline and procedural characteristics between groups.

Results: Among the 1507 patients in Onyx ONE Clear, 271 (18.0 %) had IVUS or OCT used during PCI (Imaging-guided group) and 1236 (82.0 %) underwent Angiography-guided PCI (Angio-guided group). Imaging-guided patients were less likely to present with atrial fibrillation, acute coronary syndrome, and left ventricle ejection fraction ≤35 %. Conversely, Imaging-guided patients were more likely to have complex (ACC/AHA type B2/C), longer, and heavily calcified lesions. Between 1 month and 2 years, the composite rate of CD or MI was similar between Imaging-guided and Angio-guided patients (9.9 % vs. 12.4 %, P = 0.33). There was also no difference between groups after adjustment; (P = 0.56). However, CD was significantly lower among Imaging-guided patients (2.7 % vs. 6.1 %, P = 0.048). There were no between-group differences in MI or stent thrombosis. Propensity score matching results were similar.

Conclusion: Despite higher lesion complexity, using intravascular imaging guidance for PCI between 1-month and 2-years follow-up had comparable outcomes with angiographic guidance alone in patients with HBR treated with 1-month DAPT. (ClinicalTrials.gov: Identifier: NCT03647475 and NCT03344653).

Non-standard abbreviations and acronyms: BARC: Bleeding Academic Research Consortium; DAPT: dual antiplatelet therapy; DES: drug-eluting stent; HBR: high bleeding risk; IVUS: intravascular ultrasound; OCT: optical coherence tomography; SAPT: single antiplatelet therapy.

Keywords: Angiography; Dual antiplatelet therapy; High bleeding risk; IVUS; Intravascular image guidance; OCT; PCI.