Practical solutions for implementation of blood cholesterol guidelines in clinical practice

Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2024 Aug;34(6):371-378. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2023.08.001. Epub 2023 Aug 25.

Abstract

Underutilization of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) and failure to attain guideline-recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals are important quality gaps in cardiovascular risk optimization, especially among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Large database analyses demonstrate an unmet need for improved LDL-C measurement, and that nearly 75% of patients with ASCVD have an LDL-C level above guideline-recommended levels, and greater than 50% are not treated with statins or ezetimibe. Proposed solutions for overcoming these obstacles to optimal lipid management include provider- and patient-facing educational interventions, health information technology strategies, implementation of incentive-based care, advocacy efforts, and systems-based process innovations. While individual interventions may not be enough to overcome the totality of barriers to optimal LLT, comprehensive multifaceted approaches that address barriers at the provider, patient, and healthcare delivery level are likely to offer the greatest likelihood of success and improved patient outcomes.

Keywords: Guideline implementation solutions; Lipid-lowering therapy; Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Treatment barriers.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anticholesteremic Agents / adverse effects
  • Anticholesteremic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Biomarkers* / blood
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / blood
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / diagnosis
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / prevention & control
  • Cholesterol, LDL* / blood
  • Dyslipidemias / blood
  • Dyslipidemias / diagnosis
  • Dyslipidemias / drug therapy
  • Dyslipidemias / epidemiology
  • Guideline Adherence*
  • Humans
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic*
  • Practice Patterns, Physicians' / standards
  • Risk Assessment
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Cholesterol, LDL
  • Biomarkers
  • Anticholesteremic Agents
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors