Nanocomposite based on green synthesis of gold nanoparticles decorated with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the electrochemical determination of hydroxychloroquine

Nathalia Nardi; Luan Gabriel Baumgarten; Juliana Priscila Dreyer; Edson Roberto Santana; João Paulo Winiarski; Iolanda Cruz Vieira

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115681

Nanocomposite based on green synthesis of gold nanoparticles decorated with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the electrochemical determination of hydroxychloroquine

J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2023 Nov 30:236:115681. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115681. Epub 2023 Aug 25.

Authors

Nathalia Nardi¹, Luan Gabriel Baumgarten¹, Juliana Priscila Dreyer¹, Edson Roberto Santana¹, João Paulo Winiarski², Iolanda Cruz Vieira³

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Biosensors - Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
² Laboratory of Biosensors - Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil. Electronic address: joneswnk@gmail.com.
³ Laboratory of Biosensors - Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil. Electronic address: iolanda.vieira@ufsc.br.

PMID: 37672903
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115681

Abstract

In this study, a selective and sensitive electrochemical approach for determining hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was proposed. A novel nanocomposite based on gold nanoparticles synthesized by green synthesis in an extract of white pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) (AuNP-Ext) decorated with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) was presented. AuNP-Ext was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and the f-MWCNTs/AuNP-Ext nanocomposite by transmission electron microscopy. The nanocomposite was used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Using the f-MWCNT-AuNP-Ext/GCE sensor, an irreversible oxidation peak at +0.74 V vs. Ag/AgCl was verified by HCQ. The calibration plot was studied in two linear ranges, from 0.03 to 3.5 µmol/L and from 3.5 to 17.0 µmol/L, with a limit of detection of 0.0093 µmol/L and a limit of quantification of 0.031 µmol/L, regarding the first linear range. The proposed sensor was successfully applied to the determination of HCQ in pharmaceutical and clinical samples without any special purification, separation or pre-treatment steps. The accuracy was verified by UV-Vis spectrometry, and this revealed that the proposed method was accurate and precise, as evidenced by F- and t-tests.

Keywords: COVID-19; Carbonaceous material; Electrochemical sensor; Pharmaceutics; Pitaya; Plant extract.