1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: alexfrie@med.umich.edu.
2 Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
3 Institute for Population Health, Detroit, Michigan.
4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
5 Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
6 Obstetrics Initiative, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Obstetrics Initiative, Ann Arbor, Michigan.