Combined heart liver transplantation in the patients with advanced liver disease and/or hepatocellular carcinoma: Why cannot liver pull the heart?

Affiliations

• ¹ Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Electronic address: alexandra.shingina@vumc.org.
• ² Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mount Sinai Kravis Children's Hospital, New York, USA.
• ³ Divisions of Pediatric and Adult Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
• ⁴ Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
• ⁶ Liver Transplant Center, Children's Hospital-Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
• ⁷ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
• ⁸ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
• ⁹ National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
• ¹⁰ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Michigan Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
• ¹¹ Colorado University School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA.
• ¹² Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
• ¹³ Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
• ¹⁴ Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
• ¹⁵ Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹⁶ Division of Adult Cardiology, Ahmanson/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
• ¹⁷ Divisions of Hepatology (T.S.), Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
• ¹⁸ University of Colorado Denver, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
• ¹⁹ Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.
• ²⁰ The Guerin Family Congenital Heart Program, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
• ²¹ Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
• ²² Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ²³ Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
• ²⁴ Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
• ²⁵ Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
• ²⁶ Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, USA.