To explore the effect of Internet+diet self-management intervention technology on the blood pressure control of hypertension high-risk population through the intervention of hypertension high-risk population in Haikou City community, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The multi-stage cluster sampling method was used, and 295 hypertension high-risk participants were recruited from 15 communities in Haikou City from July to December 2021. The 15 communities were randomly divided into three groups: blank group, traditional group and Internet plus group by random number table method. The blank group referred to the group (99 participants) that did not take special intervention measures but the routine interventions in accordance with the "National Basic Public Health Service Standards (the Third Edition) Health Education Service Standards". On the basis of the blank group, the traditional group (95 participants) was intervened by giving additional traditional methods such as holding lectures and distributing popular science books. The Internet plus group (101 participants) was given additional Internet measures on the basis of the intervention of the traditional group. After 6 months, questionnaires, laboratory biochemical tests, and physical measurements were conducted. SPSS 25.0 software was applied for data analysis. Measurement data that followed normal distribution were statistically described by using mean±standard deviation, analysis of variance was used for inter group comparisons before intervention, analysis of covariance was used for inter group comparisons after intervention, and Bonferroni adjustment was used for pairwise comparisons between groups. Measurement data that did not follow the Normal distribution were represented by M (Q1, Q3). The rank sum test was used for inter group comparison. The k sample Kruskal Wallis single factor ANOVA was used to compare the distribution between different groups. Counting data were described by composition ratio or rate. Under the premise of balanced comparison between groups before intervention, Chi-squared test was used for inter group comparison after intervention, and Bonferroni adjustment method was used for pairwise comparison between groups. The results showed that a total of 295 participants were included, with males accounting for 35.6% (105) and females accounting for 64.4% (190). The age ranged from 55 to 74 years old, with an average age of (64.69±5.73) years. The number of married accounted for 95.6% (282 participants). There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, family history, education level, occupation, marital status, drinking habits, regular exercise, dietary status, SBP (systolic blood pressure), DBP (diastolic blood pressure), pulse pressure difference, BMI (body mass index), folic acid, and 24-hour urine sodium among the three groups upon enrollment (P values>0.05). After the intervention, the drinking rate was as follows: Internet plus group (29, 28.7%)<traditional group (47, 49.5%)<blank group (66, 66.7%) (χ2=28.948, P<0.001); Regular exercise rate was higher in the Internet plus group (37, 36.6%) than in the traditional group (18, 18.9%) and the blank group (16, 16.2%) (χ2=13.476, P=0.001). After the intervention, compared with the participants in the blank group, the intake of energy, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, sodium and folic acid in the Internet plus group were significantly different (all P<0.05); Compared with the participants in the traditional group, the energy, carbohydrate and dietary fiber intake of the participants in the Internet plus group were significantly different (all P<0.05). After the intervention, the blood pressure levels in the Internet plus group [ SBP: (128.95±6.55) mmHg, DBP: (79.88±5.75) mmHg ] and the traditional group [ SBP: (129.63±8.41) mmHg, DBP: (79.77±7.73) mmHg ] were lower than those in the blank group [ SBP: (132.93±8.41) mmHg, DBP: (82.42±7.76) mmHg ] (SBP: F=9.417, P<0.001; DBP: F=6.967, P=0.001), the 24-hour urinary sodium level in the Internet plus group (143.63±38.58) mmol/24 h was lower than that in the traditional group (163.31±35.67) mmol/24 h and the blank group (154.14±35.52) mmol/24 h (F=11.509, P<0.001). In conclusion, compared with the traditional intervention mode, the "Internet plus diet self-management intervention" mode is more likely to promote the development of a healthy lifestyle for people at high risk of hypertension, effectively improve blood pressure and 24-hour urine sodium level, and facilitate CVD prevention.
本研究通过对海口市社区高血压高危人群进行干预，探讨互联网+膳食自我管理干预技术对高血压高危人群的血压控制效果，为心血管疾病（cardiovascular diseases，CVD）的防治提供参考。采用多阶段整群抽样方法，于2021年7至12月期间在海口市15个社区招募295名高血压高危人群，通过随机数字表法将15个社区随机分为空白组、传统组和互联网+组3个组。空白组即课题组不采取特殊的干预措施组（99名），所在社区按照《国家基本公共卫生服务规范（第三版）之健康教育服务规范》进行常规干预；传统组（95名）在空白组的基础上，由课题组额外采取举办讲座和分发科普书籍等传统方式进行干预；互联网+组（101名）在传统组的干预基础上额外采取互联网手段进行干预。于6个月后对其进行一般状况调查、实验室生化检查和体格测量。采用SPSS 25.0 软件进行统计分析。服从正态分布的计量资料，用均数±标准差进行统计描述，干预前组间比较用方差分析，干预后组间比较用协方差分析，组间的两两比较采用Bonferroni调整法；不符合正态分布的计量资料用中位数（四分位区间）即M（Q1，Q3）表示，组间比较采用秩和检验，组间的两两比较使用k样本Kruskal-Wallis单因素ANOVA法。用构成比或率描述计数资料，在干预前组间均衡可比的前提下，干预后的组间比较采用卡方检验，组间的两两比较采用Bonferroni调整法。结果显示，共纳入295名调查对象，其中男性占35.6%（105名），女性占64.4%（190名）；年龄范围为55~74岁、（64.69±5.73）岁；95.6%（282名）为已婚。三组调查对象入组时在性别、年龄、家族史、教育程度、职业、婚姻状态、饮酒习惯、规律运动、膳食情况、SBP（收缩压）、DBP（舒张压）、脉压差、BMI（身体质量指数）、叶酸、24 h尿钠方面差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。干预后饮酒率表现为互联网+组（29名，28.7%）<传统组（47名，49.5%）<空白组（66名，66.7%）（χ2=28.948，P<0.001）；规律运动率表现为互联网+组（37名，36.6%）高于传统组（18名，18.9%）和空白组（16名，16.2%）（χ2=13.476，P=0.001）。干预后，与空白组参与者相比，互联网+组参与者的能量、碳水化合物、膳食纤维、钠和叶酸摄入量差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）；与传统组参与者相比，互联网+组参与者的能量、碳水化合物和膳食纤维摄入量差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。干预后互联网+组［SBP：（128.95±6.55）mmHg，DBP：（79.88±5.75）mmHg］和传统组的的血压水平［SBP：（129.63±8.41）mmHg，DBP：（79.77±7.73）mmHg］均低于空白组［SBP：（132.93±8.41）mmHg，DBP：（82.42±7.76）mmHg］（SBP：F=9.417，P<0.001；DBP：F=6.967，P=0.001），而互联网+组的24 h尿钠水平（143.63±38.58）mmol/24 h低于传统组（163.31±35.67）mmol/24 h和空白组（154.14±35.52）mmol/24 h（F=11.509，P<0.001）。综上，和传统干预方式相比，“互联网+膳食自我管理干预”模式更可能促进高血压高危人群养成健康生活方式，有效改善血压与24 h尿钠水平，利于CVD预防。.