A bivalent form of a RBD-specific synthetic antibody effectively neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants

Antiviral Res. 2023 Dec:220:105738. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105738. Epub 2023 Nov 8.

Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is severely impacting the world, and tremendous efforts have been made to deal with it. Despite many advances in vaccines and therapeutics, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants remains an intractable challenge. We present a bivalent Receptor Binding Domain (RBD)-specific synthetic antibody, specific for the RBD of wild-type (lineage A), developed from a non-antibody protein scaffold composed of LRR (Leucine-rich repeat) modules through phage display. We further reinforced the unique feature of the synthetic antibody by constructing a tandem dimeric form. The resulting bivalent form showed a broader neutralizing activity against the variants. The in vivo neutralizing efficacy of the bivalent synthetic antibody was confirmed using a human ACE2-expressing mouse model that significantly alleviated viral titer and lung infection. The present approach can be used to develop a synthetic antibody showing a broader neutralizing activity against a multitude of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Keywords: Cryo-EM; Receptor binding domain (RBD) variant; Repebody; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Synthetic antibody.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / therapeutic use
  • Antibodies, Viral / therapeutic use
  • COVID-19*
  • Cell Surface Display Techniques
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • SARS-CoV-2* / genetics
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / genetics

Substances

  • Antibodies
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • spike protein, SARS-CoV-2

Supplementary concepts

  • SARS-CoV-2 variants