Objectives: To examine how the concept of prevention is applicable to adolescent ADHD, which preventive interventions may be feasible, and which methods can be used to evaluate effectiveness.
Method: Following a literature search for prevention clinical trials relevant to adolescent ADHD, selected studies are critically reviewed to identify suitable targets and promising interventions.
Results: There is some evidence from controlled studies that interventions delivered to prepubertal children at high risk for ADHD or diagnosed with ADHD may decrease the incidence or persistence of ADHD in adolescence. Uncontrolled follow-up of clinical samples and population studies suggest that treatment of adolescents with ADHD can decrease the risk for several negative functional outcomes in youth. A controlled trial found a specific cognitive training intervention to decrease risky driving.
Conclusions: Prevention of ADHD and associated negative outcomes is possible and of high clinical relevance. Assessing prevention effects is methodologically challenging, but feasible.
Keywords: ADHD; ADHD-associated problems; adolescent ADHD; prevention.