Left ventricular apical hypoplasia is a rare congenital condition. It can cause nonspecific symptoms and can be accompanied by cardiac conduction system alterations such as bundle branch block, atrial flutter (AF) or atrial fibrillation. The diagnosis mostly is made by imaging.
Keywords: Apical hypoplasia; Cardiomyopathy; Left ventricle.
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.