HIV transmission and associated factors under the scale-up of HIV antiretroviral therapy: a population-based longitudinal molecular network study

Virol J. 2023 Dec 4;20(1):289. doi: 10.1186/s12985-023-02246-1.

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the prevention efficacy of scaling up HIV/AIDS antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV transmission at the population level and determine associated factors of HIV secondary transmission.

Methods: We used HIV longitudinal molecular networks to assess the genetic linkage between baseline and newly diagnosed cases. A generalized estimating equation was applied to determine the associations between demographic, clinical characteristics and HIV transmission.

Results: Patients on ART had a 32% lower risk of HIV transmission than those not on ART. A 36% reduction in risk was also seen if ART-patients maintained their HIV viral load lower than 50 copies/mL. A 71% lower risk occurred when patients sustained ART for at least 3 years and kept HIV viral load less than 50 copies/mL. Patients who discontinued ART had a similar HIV transmission risk as those not on ART. Patients who were older, male, non-Han, not single, retired, infected via a heterosexual route of transmission and those who possessed higher CD4 counts had a higher risk of HIV transmission. HIV-1 subtype of CRF01_AE was less transmissible than other subtypes.

Conclusions: The efficacy of ART in a real-world setting was supported by this longitudinal molecular network study. Promoting adherence to ART is crucial to reduce HIV transmission.

Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; Generalized estimating equation; HIV/AIDS; Longitudinal molecular network.

MeSH terms

  • Anti-HIV Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Anti-Retroviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • CD4 Lymphocyte Count
  • HIV Infections* / drug therapy
  • HIV Infections* / epidemiology
  • HIV-1* / genetics
  • Humans
  • Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / prevention & control
  • Male
  • Viral Load

Substances

  • Anti-Retroviral Agents
  • Anti-HIV Agents