Glucose control during breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated patients with type 1 diabetes

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2024 Jan:207:111044. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.111044. Epub 2023 Dec 9.

Abstract

Aims: This study aims at evaluating the trend of glycemic control metrics during the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) system and vaccinated against COVID-19.

Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of T1D subjects who got a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection between November 2021 and February 2022. Data of glycemic control of CGM-derived metrics were compared 14 days before COVID-19 (Time 1), 14 days during COVID-19 (Time 2) and 14 days after COVID-19 (Time 3).

Results: A total of 106 patients with T1D and breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection was included in the analysis. A significant reduction of GMI [%, 7.41 ± 1.60 vs 7.52 ± 1.63, P = 0.006)] and increase of TIR [%, 54.6 ± 20.4 vs 52.1 ± 19.7, P = 0.026] were observed at Time 3 as compared with Time 2. There was a significant reduction of SD (P < 0.001) and CV (P < 0.001) at Time 3 and Time 2 as compared with Time 1, associated with significant changes of mean glucose levels, TBR level 1 and total daily insulin doses.

Conclusions: Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection did not worsen glycemic control in vaccinated people with T1D.

Keywords: COVID-19; Continuous Glucose Monitoring; Glucose control; SARS-CoV-2; Type 1 diabetes; Vaccine.

MeSH terms

  • Blood Glucose
  • Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / prevention & control
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / drug therapy
  • Humans
  • Retrospective Studies
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Transcription Factors

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Transcription Factors