Background: There are no specific, evidence-based recommendations for the management of individuals with radiologically isolated syndrome. Imaging and blood biomarkers may have prognostic utility.
Objective: To determine whether plasma neurofilament light protein (NfL) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels in people with radiologically isolated syndrome correlate with imaging measures that have been shown to be associated with negative clinical outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis.
Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of people with radiologically isolated syndrome. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and cervical spinal cord, and plasma was collected. Plasma NfL and GFAP levels were measured with a single-molecule array, and correlations with MRI measures were assessed, including the number of: T1-black holes, white-matter lesions demonstrating the central vein sign, paramagnetic rim lesions, cervical spinal cord lesions and infratentorial lesions.
Results: Plasma GFAP levels, but not NfL levels, showed correlations with the number of T1-black holes, white matter lesions demonstrating the central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions (all p < 0.05).
Conclusion: We found correlations between plasma GFAP levels and imaging measures associated with poor clinical outcomes and chronic inflammation in individuals with radiologically isolated syndrome. Plasma GFAP may have prognostic utility in clinical trials and clinical practice.
Keywords: Biomarkers; glial fibrillary acidic protein; neurofilament light protein; paramagnetic rim lesions.