Real-world use of multigene signatures in early breast cancer: differences to clinical trials

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2024 May;205(1):39-48. doi: 10.1007/s10549-023-07227-0. Epub 2024 Jan 24.

Abstract

Purpose: In Italy, Lombardy was the first region to reimburse multigene assays (MGAs) for patients otherwise candidates for chemotherapy. This is a real-world experience of MGAs usage in six referral cancer centers in Lombardy.

Methods: Among MGAs, Oncotype DX (RS) was used in 97% of cases. Consecutive patients tested with Oncotype DX from July 2020 to July 2022 were selected. The distribution of clinicopathologic features by RS groups (low RS: 0-25, high RS: 26-100) was assessed using chi-square and compared with those of the TAILORx and RxPONDER trials.

Results: Out of 1,098 patients identified, 73% had low RS. Grade and Ki67 were associated with RS (p < 0.001). In patients with both G3 and Ki67 > 30%, 39% had low RS, while in patients with both G1 and Ki67 < 20%, 7% had high RS. The proportion of low RS in node-positive patients was similar to that in RxPONDER (82% vs 83%), while node-negative patients with low RS were significantly less than in TAILORx (66% vs 86%, p < 0.001). The distribution of Grade was different from registration trials, with more G3 and fewer G1 (38% and 3%) than in TAILORx (18% and 27%) and RxPONDER (10% and 24%) (p < 0.001). Patients ≤ 50 years were overrepresented in this series (41%) than in TAILORx and RxPONDER (31% and 24%, respectively) (p < 0.001) and, among them, 42% were node positive.

Conclusions: In this real-world series, Oncotype DX was the test almost exclusively used. Despite reimbursement being linked to pre-test chemotherapy recommendation, almost 3/4 patients resulted in the low-RS group. The significant proportion of node-positive patients ≤ 50 years tested indicates that oncologists considered Oncotype DX informative also in this population.

Keywords: Adjuvant therapy; ER+/HER2− early breast cancer; Multigene assays; Oncotype DX.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Biomarkers, Tumor* / genetics
  • Breast Neoplasms* / drug therapy
  • Breast Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Breast Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Profiling / methods
  • Humans
  • Italy
  • Ki-67 Antigen / genetics
  • Ki-67 Antigen / metabolism
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Grading

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Ki-67 Antigen