Productivity, soil health, and carbon management index of soybean-wheat cropping system under double zero-tillage and natural-farming based organic nutrient management in north-Indian plains

Gaurav Verma; A K Dhaka; Bhagat Singh; Adarsh Kumar; Anil K Choudhary; Amit Kumar; Navish K Kamboj; Mohammad Hasanain; Sachin Singh; Ingudam Bhupenchandra; Shabnam; Priyanka Sanwal; Satender Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170418

Productivity, soil health, and carbon management index of soybean-wheat cropping system under double zero-tillage and natural-farming based organic nutrient management in north-Indian plains

Sci Total Environ. 2024 Mar 20:917:170418. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170418. Epub 2024 Jan 28.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India.
² ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau 275103, India; Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India. Electronic address: adarsh20149@gmail.com.
³ Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001, India. Electronic address: anilhpau2010@gmail.com.
⁴ Division of Agronomy, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre, Gangtok 737102, India.
⁵ Regional Research Station, Bawal, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India.
⁶ ICAR-IARI, Regional Station, Pusa Samastipur, Bihar 848125, India.
⁷ Department of Agronomy, Janta Vedic College, Bagpat 250611, India.
⁸ ICAR-KVK Tamenglong, ICAR-Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Manipur Centre, India.
⁹ Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India.

PMID: 38286294
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170418

Abstract

Conservation-agriculture and organic-farming are two sustainable-agriculture approaches to ensure food security and environmental-sustainability. Hence, a field study assessed the productivity, soil-health and carbon-dynamics of soybean-wheat cropping system (SWCS) under four tillage and residue-management practices (TRMPs) viz., Conventional-tillage without residues (CT-R), conventional-tillage with residue-retention in both crops at 3 t ha^-1 each (CT + R), zero-tillage without residues (ZT-R), and zero-tillage with residue-retention in both crops at 3 t ha^-1 each (ZT + R); and five organic-nutrient-management-practices (ONMPs) in both crops viz., 100 % RDF (N₁), 100 % RDN through FYM (N₂), 100 % RDN through VC (N₃), 100 % RDN through FYM + Biofertilizers + Cow-urine + Panchgavya + Jeevamrut (N₄), and 100 % RDN through VC + Biofertilizers + Cow-urine + Panchgavya + Jeevamrut (N₅), in split-plot-design replicated-thrice. Among TRMPs, ZT + R enhanced system-productivity (SEY) by ∼17.2 % over CT-R, besides improved soil available-N, P, K by 6.4, 6.5 and 6.5 %, respectively. SMBC, SMBN and SMBP were higher under ZT + R by 16.2, 21.5 and 10.8 % over CT-R, respectively. ZT + R had higher soil enzyme activities of DHA, Acid-P, ALP, URA, and FDA over CT-R by 19.4, 20.7, 21.5, 20.7 and 15.2 %, respectively. ZT + R also had higher VLC, ACP, LI and CMI over CT-R. Among ONMPs, the natural-farming based ONMP, N₅ considerably improved SMBC, SMBN, SMBP, FDA, DHA, Acid-P, URA, and ALP by 12.7-12.9 % over N₁ (100 % RDF). ONMP-N₅ improved the available-N, P, K content over N₁ by 6.6, 5.8 and 6.7 %, respectively. ONMP-N₅ had higher (p < 0.05) microbial-count, VLC, APC, LI and CMI; however, system-productivity was ∼4.1 % lower than N₁ in this two-years' short-study which further need investigation in multi-location long-term experiments. Overall, the dual-crop basis ZT + R at 6 t ha^-1 year^-1 + NF-based ONMPs (N₅) may harness higher and sustained productivity under SWCS besides advancing soil-health and soil carbon-pools in sandy-loam soils of north-Indian plains and similar soils across south-Asia.

Keywords: Carbon dynamics; Carbon pools; Crop residue; Natural farming; Soil health; Zero-tillage.