The role of confined placental mosaicism in fetal growth restriction: A retrospective cohort study

Prenat Diagn. 2024 Mar;44(3):289-296. doi: 10.1002/pd.6533. Epub 2024 Feb 11.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate which cytogenetic characteristics of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) detected in the first trimester chorionic villi and/or placentas in terms of chromosome aberration, cell lineage involved and trisomy origin will lead to fetal growth restriction and low birthweight.

Methods: Cohort study using routinely collected perinatal data and cytogenetic data of non-invasive prenatal testing, the first trimester chorionic villi sampling and postnatal placentas.

Results: 215 CPM cases were found. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) and low birthweight below the 10th percentile (BW < p10) were seen in 34.0% and 23.1%, respectively. Excluding cases of trisomy 16, 29.1% showed FGR and 17.9% had a BW < p10. The highest rate of FGR and BW < p10 was found in CPM type 3, but differences with type 1 and 2 were not significant. FGR and BW < p10 were significantly more often observed in cases with meiotic trisomies.

Conclusion: There is an association between CPM and FGR and BW < p10. This association is not restricted to trisomy 16, neither to CPM type 3, nor to CPM involving a meiotic trisomy. Pregnancies with all CPM types and origins should be considered to be at increased risk of FGR and low BW < p10. A close prenatal fetal monitoring is indicated in all cases of CPM.

MeSH terms

  • Birth Weight
  • Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Fetal Growth Retardation / diagnosis
  • Fetal Growth Retardation / genetics
  • Humans
  • Mosaicism
  • Placenta* / metabolism
  • Pregnancy
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Trisomy* / diagnosis
  • Trisomy* / genetics

Supplementary concepts

  • Chromosome 16, trisomy