Acute Presentation of Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Emergency Department: A Case Report

Cureus. 2024 Jan 11;16(1):e52142. doi: 10.7759/cureus.52142. eCollection 2024 Jan.

Abstract

Pericardial effusion is a rare manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) that can present as a life-threatening emergency. It poses a diagnostic challenge, as its clinical presentation may mimic other more common causes of acute cardiac emergencies. Emergency physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for tuberculosis, particularly in regions where the prevalence of the disease is high. This case report is about a 17-year-old girl who presented to the emergency room with dyspnea, chest discomfort, and hemodynamic instability consistent with cardiac tamponade. Urgent diagnostic procedures, including point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and pericardiocentesis, were crucial to the successful management of this patient.

Keywords: cardiac tamponade; emergency department; extra-pulmonary tuberculosis; metacarpal tuberculosis; multi-drug resistance; pericardial effusion; pericardiocentesis; pocus.

Publication types

  • Case Reports